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Acknowledgments ____________________________ix Preface _____________________________________ x About the Authors ____________________________xi Chapter 1 Overview of Pipe Drafting and Design ___________ 1 Types of Projects 1 Employers of Pipe Drafters and Designers 1 Engineering and Construction Companies 1 Operating Companies 2 Architectural Engineering Companies 2 Construction Companies 2 Fabrication Companies 2 Preparation for Piping Drafting 2 Technical Skills 3 Personal Skills 3 Creation of Pipe Drawings 3 Chapter 2 Steel Pipe ___________________________________ 4 History of Pipe 4 Piping Materials 4 Manufacturing Methods 4 Sizing of Pipe 5 Wall Thickness 6 Methods of Joining Pipe 6 Cast Iron Pipe 8 Plastic Pipe 10 Drawing Pipe 10 Review Quiz 12 Chapter 3 Pipe Fittings ________________________________ 13 90° Elbows 13 45° Elbows 19 Weld Tee 22 The Stub-In 26 Coupling 27 Reducers 28 Weld Cap 31 Use of Fittings 31 Screwed and Socket-Weld Fittings 33 Pipe Nipples 33 Flanged Fittings 37 Cast Iron Fittings 38 Plastic Fittings 38 Review Quiz 39 Exercise Information 40 Chapter 3 Drawing Exercises 41 Chapter 4 Flange Basics _______________________________ 48 Rating Flanges 48 Flange Facings 48 Flange Types 50 Bolts 57 Gaskets 57 Review Quiz 61 Exercise Information 63 Chapter 4 Drawing Exercises 65 Chapter 5 Valves______________________________________ 69 What Is a Valve? 69 Common Valve Types 70 Valve Operators 81 Review Quiz 82 Chapter 5 Drawing Exercises 86 Chapter 6 Mechanical Equipment _______________________ 90 Types of Equipment 90 Equipment in Use 100 Equipment Terminology 101 Vendor Data Drawings 103 Drawing Equipment 103 Review Quiz 108 Chapter 6 Drawing Exercises 110 Chapter 7 Flow Diagrams and Instrumentation___________ 111 Uses of Flow Diagrams 111 Type of Flow Diagrams 111 Flow Diagram Instruments 114 Piping Symbols 117 Flow Plan Arrangement 117 Review Quiz 118 Exercise Information 119 Chapter 7 Drawing Exercises 120 viii Chapter 8 Codes and Specifications_____________________ 123 Codes 123 Specifications 123 Specification Classes 125 Abbreviations 126 Piping Abbreviations 126 Review Quiz 132 Chapter 9 Equipment Layout__________________________ 133 Plant Coordinate Systems 133 Site Plans 136 Unit Plot Plan 136 Equipment Location Drawing 136 Foundation Location Drawing 136 Piping Drawing Index 141 Review Quiz 142 Chapter 10 Piping Arrangement Drawings, Sections, and Elevations _________________________________ 143 Arrangement Drawings 143 Responsibilities of the Piping Designer 143 Information Sources for Piping Arrangement Drawings 143 Layout Procedures 144 Piping Arrangement Drawing Layout 144 Dimensioning 186 Piping Sections and Elevations: What Are They? 187 Detail Drawings 188 Review Quiz 192 Exercises: Plans, Elevations, and Sections 193 Chapter 11 Standard Piping Details _____________________ 194 Pipe Rack Spacing 194 Drawing Pipe in the Rack 194 Pipe Flexibility 195 Planning for Heat Expansion 197 Pipe Anchors 198 Pipe Insulation Shoes 198 Pipe Guides 198 Field Supports 199 Dummy Supports 200 Hanger Rods 200 Spring Hangers 201 Pick-up Pipe Supports 201 Review Quiz 202 Chapter 12 Piping Systems_____________________________ 203 Plant Utilities 203 Control Valve Manifolds 204 Utility Stations 206 Meter Runs 206 Sewer and Underground Piping Systems 207 Review Quiz 209 Chapter 13 Piping Isometrics ___________________________ 210 What Is an Isometric? 210 Drawing Piping Isometrics 216 Isometric Dimensions, Notes, and Callouts 218 Isometric Offsets 219 Review Quiz 226 Drawing Exercises 227 Chapter 14 Customizingautocad______________________ 231 Creating Command Aliases 231 Using AutoLisp 232 Review Quiz 236 Chapter 15 Three–dimensional Modeling of Piping Systems ___________________________________ 237 Advantages of 3D Modeling 237 Checking for Interferences 237 Generating Drawings Automatically from a Model 241 Generating Isometric Drawings Automatically 241 Computer-Aided Engineering of Models 241 Choosing a Modeling Software Package 241 Building a 3D Model Using AutoPlant 242 Appendix A Dimensional Data___________________________ 256 Appendix B Review of Lettering _________________________ 292 Appendix C Alphabet of Lines___________________________ 294 Appendix D Review of Math ____________________________ 295 Appendix E Use of the Calculator ________________________ 296 Appendix F Architect’s Scale____________________________ 299 Glossary __________________________________ 300 Index _____________________________________ 308
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